Accounting the Financial Accounting Standards Board (Fasb)

Intermediate Accounting Paper The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is a private, not-for-profit organization whose primary purpose is to develop generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) within the United States in the public s interest. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) designated the FASB as the organization responsible for setting accounting standards for public companies in the U.S. It was created in 1973, replacing the Accounting Principles Board and the Committee on Accounting Procedure of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. The Financial Accounting Standards Board s mission is to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting for the guidance and†¦show more content†¦Before passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley law, AICPA standards in these areas were considered generally accepted for all CPA practitioners. In the early 2000s, federal public policy makers concluded that where independent financial statemen t audits of public companies regulated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are concerned, that the AICPA s standards setting and related enforcement roles should be transferred to a government empowered body with more enforcement authority than a non-governmental professional association, such as the AICPA could provide. As a result, the Sarbanes-Oxley law created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) which has jurisdiction over virtually every area of CPA practice in relation to public companies. However, the AICPA retains its considerable standards setting, ethics enforcement and firm practice quality monitoring roles for the majority of practicing CPAs, who serve privately held business and individuals. A formal document issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which details accounting standards andShow MoreRelatedFinancial Accounting Standards Board ( Fasb ) Essay2343 Words   |  10 PagesRevenue is one of the most decisive items of financial statements as it often forms the fundamental basis for investment decision-making. Meanwhile, improper revenue recognition is found to be the most frequent source of fraudulent accounting (1998-2007). On 28th May 2014 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) jointly published a new principles-based standard on revenue recognition for Contracts with Customers (ASU 606 and IFRS 15). TheRead MoreThe Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesTo help accounting professionals easily navigate through 50-plus years of unorganized US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and standards the Trustees of the Financial Accounting Foundation approved the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (Codification.) By codifying authoritative US GAAP, FASB will provide users with real-time and accurate information in one location. Concurrently, FASB develo ped the FASB Codification Research System; a web-basedRead MoreAcc 541 Accounting Standards Board Paper1116 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting Standards Boards Leslie Brian ACC/541 November 14, 2011 Delphine Agnor Wolsker Accounting Standards Boards The field of accounting is constantly evolving. This is true not only for the theory of accounting itself but also the entities that govern its theory and practice. Presently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are faced with some of the biggest challenges to date. To understand the significanceRead MoreIntermediate Accounting I Final Paper1750 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1973, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was created and their mission is â€Å"to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting for the guidance and education of the public, including issuers, auditors, and users of financial information.† (FASB.org, 2009a). The FASB is a private, not-for-profit organization whose primary purpose is to develop generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) within the United States. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Read MoreRelationship Between Iasb and Fasb11 51 Words   |  5 PagesIASB and FASB In 1973, the private sector International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) was formed. The IASB is a natural extension of a global market that has been evolving over the last three decades. The IASB formulates and publishes accounting standards to be observed when presenting financial statements and promote their global acceptance. As an overarching mission, the IASB works to improve and harmonize accounting standards, regulations, and procedures as it relates to financial statementsRead MoreInternational Accounting Standards Board ( Iasb )1543 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Accounting Standards Board (IASB) The international Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is an independent, private sector that develops and approves the body of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The IASB manages and controls the IFRS foundation. The IASB has a group of 14 members who operates and manages the IFRS through daily meetings, community engagements, and speeches about the IFRS. These members are experts in accounting standards, preparing, auditing, financial reportingRead MoreFasb1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) are two of the most important bodies of the Accounting/Finance field today. Though both boards work together to develop and enforce financial reporting standards for publicly held organizations, the FASB concentrates on the accounting standards in the United States while the IASB sets its focus on global standards. The rules and standards that are set for individual certified publ ic accountantsRead MoreAccounting Standards Boards Paper 41437 Words   |  6 PagesAccounting Standards Boards Paper University of Phoenix ACC 541—Accounting theory and Research Professor: Cecil B. Lucy Lien Bach October 26, 2010 Introduction Accounting was created thousand years ago. Many companies use accounting system to record, maintain and report, and analyze business financial transactions. Because managers and investors make their business decisions based on Financial Statement, information obtained from Financial Statement must be concise and reliable. BudgetsRead MoreAccounting Standard Board Paper 31433 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARDS PAPER Accounting Standards Boards Paper Lila Alemar ACC 541 Shauki Smith May 24, 2010 History of the relationship between IASB and FASB The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) began operations in 2001. It is an organization committed to developing, in the public interest, a single set of high quality, global accounting standards that require transparent and comparable information in general purpose financialRead MoreDifference Between Fasb and Iasb742 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween standard setting process of FASB and IASB Date: February 10, 2011 ____________________________________________________________ ______ Dear Ms.Albright, The FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) and IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) are making progress towards convergence in setting better accounting standards. However, there exist some differences between their standard setting processes. After weighing the pros and cons, I suggest that FASB standard setting

Cognitive Psychology Essay - 1069 Words

Cognitive psychology began around 19th century. Different approaches have been used to trace the roots of psychology. It is also known that cognitive psychology was out numbered by behaviorism but later revived, bringing into being cognitive revolution. The paper discusses cognitive revolution in the history of cognitive psychology as the most influential part in the practice of modern psychology. Introduction A scientific branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of cognition is referred to as cognitive psychology. Cognition has aspects involved in mental processes that include perception, attention, memory, problem solving, reasoning, and decision making. Perception is associated with recognizing, attention with†¦show more content†¦As noted by Benjamin (2007), cognitive psychology is a representation of gradual shift in concept and methodology borrowing knowledge from other fields such as computers, theory of information, theory of linguistics, and communication networks among others. It continues today in the research of cognition. For instance, neurophysiology is reached through neuroscience and biochemistry for better understanding of cognition. Cognitive revolution provided information-processing approach as a new way of mind study. Introduction of digital computers, devices of processing information, inspired many psychologists who began to view mind in the basis of information processing. The ability of computers to process information in stages captured the attention of many cognitive psychologists. By understanding that information in a computer as it is first received by input processor, then storage in memory unit follows, and lastly processing in arithmetic unit, many cognitive psychologists experimented and applied this layout. For instance, Goldstein (2007) shows that Cherry, a psychologist, experimented on attention where he presented two different messages at a go to people and later told them to repeat the messages. He realized that people pay attention to one message among many. He also deduced that the amount of information dealt with haveShow MoreRelatedCognitive psychology  . Essay5542 Words   |  23 Pa gesCognitive psychology  is the study of  mental processes. The  American Psychological Association  defines cognitive psychology as The study of higher mental processes such as  attention, language use,  memory,  perception, problem solving, and  thinking.[1]  Much of the work derived from cognitive psychology has been integrated into various other modern disciplines of psychological study including  social psychology,  personality psychology,  abnormal psychology,  developmental psychology, and  educational psychologyRead MorePsychology : Cognitive Psychology And Psychology1154 Words   |  5 Pagescome are explained by Cognitive psychology. With these necessary functions, you may wonder, just what is cognitive Psychology? Cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that covers the mental processes of how people receive, retain and grasp information and situations. The term â€Å"cognition† stems from the Latin word â€Å" cognoscere† or to know. Basically, cognitive psychology studies how people acquire and apply knowledge or information. It is closely related to cognitive science and influencedRead MoreThe Theory Of Cognitive Psychology Essay2350 Words   |  10 Pagesyou are constantly employing cognitive processes in order to function throughout the day. The term for the study of these cognitive processes is cognitive psychology. Rutgers University defines cognitive psychology as â€Å"the scientific study of mind and mental function, including learning, memory, attention, perception, reasoning, language, conceptual development, and decision making†. One area of these cognitive processes is called wayfinding. It contains several cognitive processes such as knowing theRead MoreCognitive Psychology Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of Cognitive Psychology Plynia Welty Psych 560 June 11, 2012 Brian Uldall Evolution of Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology embarked on a revolutionary journey since the era of Saint Thomas Aquinas (Dr. King, 2012). St. Aquinas was the pioneering mind behind the idea that behavior can be divided into two areas, cognitive and effect. Logging empirical research on a subject provides practitioners a comprehensive view of the subject matter (Dr. King, 2012). In relationRead MorePsychology : Cognitive Psychology And Psychology980 Words   |  4 Pages A Cognitive Psychology 1064 Words 5 Pages Cognitive psychology began around 19th century. Different approaches have been used to trace the roots of psychology. It is also known that cognitive psychology was out numbered by behaviorism but later revived, bringing into being cognitive revolution. The paper discusses cognitive revolution in the history of cognitive psychology as the most influential part in the practice of modern psychology. Introduction A scientific branch of psychology that isRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive Psychology Smith (2001) defines psychology as the study of the mind. One major subset within the broad study of psychology is popularly known as cognitive psychology. According to Aukrust (2011), cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with the study of mental processes which includes how people or individuals think, perceive, learn and remember. As a part of the larger cognitive science field, this psychology branch is by means related to other disciplines such as neuroscienceRead MoreCognitive Psychology863 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive Psychology Brian Shrum Psy/360 April 11, 2013 Dr. Turner Cognitive Psychology Hermann Ebbinghaus said, â€Å"Psychology has a long past, yet its real history is short† (Goodwin, 2008, p. 28). He was referring to the belief that while the study of human thought, emotion, and behavior is firmly entrenched in philosophy, psychology as its own discipline has only been around a short time. During this short time, different branches of psychology have come out, one of them is cognitive psychologyRead MoreCognitive Psychology And Human Behavior930 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive psychology has evolved over the years. Researchers are constantly trying to find new ways to understand and define the human brain. Our memory is quite important in how we function on a day-to-day basis. Our memories help us to remember important functions such as combing our hair, brushing our teeth or getting dressed in the morning. Memories also help us to learn more information. Cognitive psychology refers to the study of human mental processes and their role of thinking, feeling , andRead MoreDifference Between Cognitive And Cognitive Psychology1389 Words   |  6 Pagestwo different approaches to Cognitive Psychology This essay will be focused on two different approaches to cognitive psychology: Cognitive Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. Cognitive Neuropsychology is concerned with the patterns of cognitive performance and emphasis on the cognitive effects of brain-damaged patients who suffered lesions, injuries or diseases, providing vest information on normal human cognition. (Eysenck and Keane 2015, p.5) Whereas cognitive neuroscience involves in-depthRead MoreAntecedents of Cognitive Psychology1680 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Psychology Definition and Subject Matter â€Å"Cognitive psychology is a modern approach to the study of [processes by which people come to understand the world- such processes as memory, learning, comprehending language, problem solving, and creativity. Cognitive psychology has been influenced by developments in language, computer science, and of course, earlier work in philosophy and psychology† – Hayes (cited by Lundin) This definition of Hayes emphasizes the notion that cognitive

Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. Answer: Strategic management is one of the key factors for a successful business. Both in profit and non- profit organization this play a pivotal role. Zara is one of the best fashion brands in the world. The strategic planning of the company includes the approach being vertical. This is for designing of the products, sourcing and distribution of the same. They follow the strategy of fast fashion (Smith 2013). In addition to all these, they stock less of inventory and update their collections from time to time. This is one of the key aspects, which help them to bring new fashion with every season. Finally, it could be said that being a profit making organization, Zara uses social media platform to display their online presence. This help in the strategic planning of the online shops. In case of non- profit organisation like Habitat for Humanity, the strategic Management planning includes reaching the goals for Gresham and Portland. The company helps poor by helping renovate their homes. This is done with the help of owner occupied programs. Apart from these, the brochures of the organistion state other benefits that the poor families would receive. The revenue generation would be received with the help of online advertisements and social media networking (Omar, Leach and March 2014). The strategies are to ask the users of the sites help in donating some amount for the welfare of the homebuyers. In addition to this, the impact 2020 plan is important project of the organisation. They have opted for word of mouth approach in which one donator is asked for other prospective donator. Reference list Omar, A.T., Leach, D. and March, J., 2014. Collaboration between nonprofit and business sectors: A framework to guide strategy development for nonprofit organizations.VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations,25(3), pp.657-678. Smith, R.D., 2013.Strategic planning Management for public relations. Routledge.

Moral Thinking and Injustice in the Society

Table of Contents Introduction A case study of moral way of thinking Factors influencing moral thinking Conclusion Reference List Introduction The way human beings perceive and think of anything is said to be the main determining factor of the outcome. This means that any situation depends on how it is handled. When one has a positive thinking about a given situation then the end result is in most cases doomed to be positive too (Snare, 2001, p.67). On the other hand when one has a negative feeling about something, the outcome ends to be most likely negative. Therefore, what we feel and think today determines the future.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Moral Thinking and Injustice in the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has led to the campaign of moral thinking among individuals. A great philosopher once said that, moral thinking is the way to achieving the happiness we desire. This fact is true as most of the times people in anger will have usually failed to deal with the problem the positive way. In every situation there is always the correct way which despite the route and time usually results into happiness or rather avoids anger. When one is faced with an issue that requires solutions to be made, the end result is highly correlated to the way of thinking of the individual (Hare, 1991, p.63) l. Also, in the society where there is a larger population than our homes people are bound to say anything at any time. The arising phrases and comments from this are usually the indicator of the morality of the people of that society. Research shows that moral thinking is a composite of acting and ruling or making the final decision (Schwartz, 2010, p.1). Moral thinking involves two levels that is the intuitive level also referred to as the lower level of thinking. During this level of thinking the individual bases their argument on what they have learnt and one’s own i ntuition. The higher level now involves justification of the decision made (Drai, 2008, p.12). A renowned philosopher once said the highest stage of moral thinking is the post conventional stage. He further explained that it is at this stage that people are able to make concrete decisions that are not based on their own personal gain but are rather concerned about ethics and rights. The incorporation of ethics in our way of thinking is what leads to moral way of thinking. There are many situations that require moral thinking so as to achieve the desired final decision. This paper is an analysis of a contemporary problem that involves moral thinking so as to arrive at the final decision. A case study of moral way of thinking The current global situation has led to many developments among the people of the world (Schwartz, 2010, p.1). It is through globalization that people from different countries have been forced by circumstances to travel all over the world. Some of these reasons i nclude; business, education, family trips, professions like journalism just to mention but a few. This has therefore led to forced interactions among the people.Advertising Looking for term paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More That is, people from different cultures are meant to accept those from non-related cultures. It is because of these interrelationships that moral thinking is incorporated so as to avoid cases of discrimination or even racism (Snare, 2001, p.45). The people are thus advised to think morally when dealing with the other people and especially those from the other nations and cultures. A case in study may occur when a student from a country especially the non-developed ones is enrolled in a foreign country for studies (Drai, 2008, p.5). This may be caused by the migration of their parents or even their own desire to study in those foreign countries. The first thing that runs into their mind af ter making such a decision is the belief that they will get a warm welcome in their new environment. The student will always fantasize of having new friends, meeting new people, seeing new places and many exciting things (Levine, 2010, p.2). So the moment such a student is disappointed and fails to attain all these and instead is faced with hostility the people of such a nation will be to blame. The blame lies on the first people who receive the student in their new school. It especially lies on the other students as well as the tutors and any other non-teaching staff. This is because an environment that is composed with moral thinkers will be able to offer a good welcome to any one regardless of their culture. Both the students and tutors are bound to be understanding and compassionate to anyone. It will be very wrong when a student from a foreign country is made to fail in their studies because of discomfort from the surrounding people. The case is gets even worse when one is bull ied. This raise the question, if there is morality within the school. This is because the students who bully their fellow students do not think morally and so can be able to commit such a crime. As discussed above, moral thinking mainly entails first having your own intuition on a subject and thereafter justifying whatever you want to do. Students who bully their fellows do not think of the outcome and are not even to justify whatever they do. If this could have been the case they would not even think of committing such a crime at the first instance the idea comes into their mind (Levine, 2010, p.1).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Moral Thinking and Injustice in the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand the teachers are as well to blame since they have been deployed to monitor the students. If at all the teachers think morally they are obliged to ensure that each and every student is c omfortable in the place they are. Lack of moral thinking is what leads to negligence and failure of the teachers to closely monitor the students and know those who may be undergoing various problems. Let us say that a foreign student is bullied within the school compound and the teachers claim that they are not aware of any possibility of being bully students among their students. This claim is not justifiable as an individual who really cares for other will be concerned about them since their own intuition which a level of moral thinking forces them to do so. If such a student undergoes much stressful moments that they decide to commit suicide the case now becomes a national disaster (Rest, 2000, p.32). The causes of such an act may be ninety percent attributed to the difficult times they undergo during their course of study. Excess bullying, discrimination and other unethical situations may be the cause of depression which when one is not in a position to overcome makes the decisi on to commit suicide. When that is the case it becomes a shame to the nationals of the country. This is good indicator that there is lack of moral thinking among the nationals of the country as they failed in their way of thinking. The country therefore sends a bad report to the other foreigners that the country lacks moral thinking. This is because the people are supposed to welcome and associate with the other foreigners regardless of their cultural differences (Hare, 1991, p.56). This case example thus campaigns for moral thinking among each and every person if at all good international relationships are to be maintained. If moral thinking is practiced, then there will be less chances of bad treatment among the people. This is due to the fact that each individual will be thinking before engaging in any matters or even making decisions hence minimizing the chances of mistreatments and misunderstanding (Cowell, 1995, p.1). Factors influencing moral thinking For one to think orally they have to make a decision, an assessment and justification of the subject at hand. This therefore revolves around many factors that influence the way of thinking of an individual. Some of these include; One’s personal life experience, gender, level of developmental stage and many others. Life experience greatly affects the way of thinking of an individual as people tend to handle current situations from past experience. If at all one has undergone difficult periods in life, they usually have the fear of tackling situations when faced with them (Hare, 1991, p.78).Advertising Looking for term paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite gender being a minor issue, research indicates that it has some impact on the moral thinking of people. This is because males think differently from females in terms of moral thinking. It can be said that the females tend to think more morally as opposed to men who are less sensitive to handling of issues especially those involving other people. Males tend to be more concerned of matters that affect them directly. For example in the case study discussed above, cases of bullying and student depression will be less in environments where the tutors are females as compared to an only male tutor environment. This is because the females will be forced by their own intuition to find out the condition of their students unlike the ale tutors who in most cases will leave everything in the hands of the students (Cowell, 1995, p.1). The developmental stage of an individual is also a critical factor that has an effect on moral thinking of individual. The way the adolescents and teenagers handle their issues is different from the way adults and children solve theirs. The society has for a long period of time complained of immorality among the youths. This gives a clear indication that even their way of thinking is not moral. Children on the other hand are juvenile and have no information on anything hence lack the ability to think morally in their own way (Jones, 1995, p.102). They instead follow the actions of the people that they are close to, so depending on the way these people think, the children will do the same. Therefore it is the obligation of the adults around these children to think morally so that the young children may follow suit. Another factor that may affect moral thinking is the consideration of the consequences of action to be taken. Most people are always in a point of dilemma when faced with circumstances to make choices. At times people may deviate from moral thinking because of the fear of the resulting outcome. For example when dealing with r eal life situations that may affect the future of an individual, it becomes difficult as life does not have a reverse button. The situation is usually more vivid and practical involving less of the hypothetical way making decisions. Conclusion From the aforementioned cases, it can be clearly seen and understood that moral thinking is not about the law or education system (Csongradi, 2010, p.2). Research has shown that it is not possible to measure moral thinking empirically. Instead, it involves an individual’s own intuition and way of thinking. It is thus not possible to force people to think morally is at all they do not want to or are not in a position to do so .Moral thinking involves ones decision to do so and those who do not think morally are not to be blamed. Such people should instead be counseled and educated on the philosophy of moral thinking. Apart from the aforementioned case example, the society is encompassed with an endless list of cases that show presence or absence of moral thinking in decision making. Some of these cases include the cases of mistreated adopted or inherited children, working environments, leader’s treatments, cases of slavery and many others. All these problems can be solved if every person is in a position to think morally (Jones, 1995, p.45). The lesson to be learnt from the above case is that moral thinking is way of eliminating injustice in the society. For justice to be observed, the people have to be moral thinkers such that every person becomes their brother’s keepers. Through this, cases like those mentioned above will be a thing of the past or reduce to minimal sizes. Reference List Csongradi, C. (2010). Factors influencing the way in which decisions are made. Web. Cowell, B. (1995). Developing a basis for moral thinking. Web. Drai, D. (2008). Moral Supervenience and Moral Thinking. Web. Hare, R. (1991). Moral Thinking: its levels, methods and point. Oxford University press. Jones, S. (1995). Or ganizational influence in moral thinking. Journal of Business Ethics. Levine, P. (2010). Moral Thinking. Web. Rest, J. (2000). Post conventional Moral Thinking. Routledge. Schwartz, A. (2010). Where are Concern, Empathy and Moral Thinking? Web. Snare, F. (2001). The Nature of Moral Thinking. Routledge. This term paper on Moral Thinking and Injustice in the Society was written and submitted by user Justin Sanchez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Alcohol- Drug interaction Essays - Hepatology, RTT, Drinking Culture

Alcohol- Drug interaction Essays - Hepatology, RTT, Drinking Culture Various drugs can interact with alcohol, along these lines conforming the absorption framework or effects of alcohol and/or the medicine. Some of these interactions can happen even at moderate drinking levels and result in hostile wellbeing effects for the customer. Two sorts of alcohol-medicine interactions exist: (1) pharmacokinetic interactions, in which alcohol interferes with the assimilation arrangement of the medication, and (2) pharmacodynamic interactions, in which alcohol enhances the effects of the pharmaceutical, particularly in the central tangible framework (e.g., sedation). Pharmacokinetic interactions generally happen in the liver, where both alcohol and various drugs are metabolized, a significant part of the time by the same mixes. Different classes of doctor supported medicines can interact with alcohol, including against microbials, antidepressants, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, histamine H2 receptor adversaries, muscle relaxants, nonnarcotic torm ent prescriptions and quieting administrators, opioids, and warfarin. Besides, over-the-counter and regular meds can realize negative effects when carried with alcohol. Alcohol is essentially metabolized in the liver by a couple of impetuses. The most vital mixes are aldehyde dehydrogenase and CYP2E1. In people eating up alcohol just unexpectedly, CYP2E1 metabolizes only a little parcel of the ingested alcohol. Interestingly, unending overpowering drinking can develop CYP2E1 development to ten-fold, achieving higher degree of alcohol being metabolized by CYP2E1 instead of alcohol dehydrogenase. In this manner, on occasion, the effect of alcohol on the interacting medicine may be differing depending upon interminable or serious alcohol use. Impacts of taking acetaminophens, for example, (Tylenol, Paracetamol, and so forth) to relieve migraines: Chronic alcoholics are more powerless to acetaminophen incited hepatotoxicity. Acute alcohol inebriation may decrease the development of lethal acetaminophen metabolites. Prolonged admission of a lot of alcohol may bring about chemical prompting and improve the arrangement of hepatotoxic metabolites of acetaminophen while bringing down serum acetaminophen focus. As a rule, liver capacity will come back to typical if the culpable medication is ceased early. Furthermore, the patient may require strong treatment. In acetaminophen danger, be that as it may, the starting affront can be lethal. Fulminant hepatic disappointment from medication actuated hepatotoxicity may require liver transplantation. Before, glucocorticoids in hypersensitive elements and ursodeoxycholic corrosive in cholestatic cases had been utilized; however there is no great proof to bolster their viability. A height in serum bilirubin level of more than 2 times ULN with related transaminase rise is a dismal sign. This demonstrates serious hepatotoxicity and is liable to prompt mortality in 10% to 15% of patients, particularly if the culpable medication is not halted (Hy's Law). This is on the grounds that it requires huge harm to the liver to disable bilirubin discharge, subsequently minor hindrance (without biliary impediment or Gilbert disorder) would not prompt jaundice. Ot her poor indicators of result are seniority, female sex, high AST. References Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug interactions analysis and management. St. Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons Publishing Group. 2007. Tatro DS. Drug interaction facts. St. Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons Publishing Group. 2007. Gordis E, Alcohol-medication interactions. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. No. 27 PH 355 January 1995. http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa27.htm. (Accessed December 2, 2007). Alcohol-drug interactions. UHS health Promotion Office. University of Rochester. rochester.edu/uhs/healthtopics/Alcohol/interactions.html. (Accessed December 2, 2007). Weathermon R, Crabb DW. Alcohol and medication interactions. Alcohol Res Health 1999;23:40-54 Reuben A (2004). "Hy's law". Hepatology 39 (2): 5748. Arora N, Goldhaber SZ (2006). "Anticoagulants and transaminase elevation".Circulation 113 (15): e698702. Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Kaplowitz N, et al. (2006). "Outcome of acute idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: Long-term follow-up in a hepatotoxicity registry". Hepatology 44(6): 15818. Bjrnsson E, Olsson R (2005). "Outcome and prognostic markers in severe drug-induced liver disease". Hepatology 42 (2): 4819.

Hengist and Horsa - Legendary Founders of Kent

Hengist and Horsa - Legendary Founders of Kent Hengist and Horsa were known for being the first leaders of Anglo-Saxon settlers known to come to England. Tradition has it that the brothers founded the kingdom of Kent. Occupations KingMilitary Leaders Places of Residence and Influence EnglandEarly Europe Important Dates Arrival in England: c. 449Death of Horsa: 455Beginning of Hengists reign over Kent: 455Death of Hengist: 488 About Hengist and Horsa Although very likely actual people, the brothers Hengist and Horsa have taken on legendary status as leaders of the first settlers of Germanic stock to come to England. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, they were invited by the British ruler Vortigern to help defend against invading Scots and Picts from the north. The brothers landed at Wippidsfleet (Ebbsfleet) and successfully drove off the invaders, whereupon they received a grant of land in Kent from Vortigern. Several years later the brothers were at war with the British ruler. Horsa died in battle against Vortigern in 455, at a place recorded as Aegelsthrep, which is possibly present-day Aylesford in Kent. According to Bede, there was at one time a monument to Horsa in east Kent, and the modern town of Horstead may be named for him. After the death of Horsa, Hengist began ruling Kent as king in his own right. He reigned for 33 more years and died in 488. He was succeeded by his son, Oeric Oisc. The kings of Kent traced their lineage to Hengist through Oisc, and their royal house was called Oiscingas. Numerous legends and stories have sprung up about Hengist and Horsa, and there is much contradictory information about them. They are often referred to as Anglo-Saxon, and some sources label them as Jutes, but the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle calls them Angles and gives the name of their father as Wihtgils. There is a possibility that Hengist is the source for the character mentioned in  Beowulf  who was associated with a tribe called Eotan, which  may have been based on the Jutes.

Individual Case Study Assessment ( Faslane case study ) Essay

Individual Case Study Assessment ( Faslane case study ) - Essay Example Despite the fact that it is an installation by the Ministry of Defense, it is managed by Babcock Marine which is a part of Babcock International. The paper uses various theories and models to identify changes and differences between earlier management and current outsourced management. It also presents an analytical report on the case study about the leadership styles, the organizational structure and the processes of change as demonstrated in the study. The major objective is to show the changes that took place at Faslane before and after 2002, the drivers and resistors to the change, the organizational structure and the leadership styles with the use of various model and theories formulated as a guide. Faslane Case Analysis Qn. 1 The strategic change context in 2002 at the start of the change process at Faslane can be identified by the use of the change kaleidoscope by Balogun and Hope Hailey and the analysis on factors of change by Lewin Forcefield (David 2005). The strategy invol ves keys issues on change management which include strategy matters, context matters, inertia and resistance and leadership matters. Strategy matters identify need for change, context matter define the right approach to change as determined by circumstance, inertia identifies the existing ways of doing things that results to resisting change and leadership matters portray good leadership at all levels of an organization(David 2005). In diagnosing the change context, the types of change, the context of change is given as well as the Forcefield analysis is given. Strategic change context in Faslane identified four types of change including adaptation, reconstruction, revolution and evolution. The revolution changes involved a clear strategic direction, combining symbolic levers, various styles of managing change, monitoring and working with different aspect of existing culture. On the other side, evolution changes which were both transformational and incremental involved clear strateg ic vision, continuous change and commitment, identifying targets, winning minds and sustained management attitudes(Sadler, 2003). The change kaleidoscope designed by Balogun and Hope Hailey identifies the factors that necessitate change and the contextual features of change. In application to the case study of Faslane, this model is essential in describing the strategic change in 2002. Firstly, Faslane was originally run by the Ministry of Defense and the Royal Navy who decided that they needed to cut their management costs as well as improve their operational effectiveness. As a result, they established partnering arrangements with industrial firm Babcock Marine in 2002, which was then under John Howie. This brings out the need for the change and the contextual feature of time. The scope of the change at Faslane was highly transformational based on the changes in the working personnel, the human resources allocations of time, cultural influences and gradual nature of implementation (Wickham & Wickham, 2008). Secondly, the firm had to shift and obtain different management at the beginning who were conversant with organizational structure change from both marine and navy sides as well as do extensive research and study. The diversity had to be altered and the attitude of the employees towards change was influenced when they noted that it was for the best in the long run. Other factors that were considered included the capability of the management to effect change, the capacity to